有勇尚需有谋：达赖喇嘛质疑自焚的效果

自今年3月首宗自焚发生在四川以来，达赖喇嘛一直将自焚归咎于中共的残酷统治。自焚人数增多引起国际关注，10月德国政府在向中国政府发出呼吁的同时，也呼吁达赖喇嘛平息藏僧自焚之火。

11月18日，达赖喇嘛在接受英国广播公司访问时，首次表示“不鼓励喇嘛自焚的举动”，并质疑“这种自焚方式的效果”。

关于达赖喇嘛的表态，英国广播公司英文网的标题是“Dalai Lama questions wisdom of self-immolations”（达赖喇嘛质疑自焚的明智性），BBC中文网的题目是“达赖喇嘛对藏族僧尼自焚深表担忧”，美国之音所用标题与BBC英文网相同。

以下分别是是BBC中文网和英文网的报道：

达赖喇嘛对藏族僧尼自焚深表担忧

2011年11月19日

西藏流亡精神领袖达赖喇嘛表示，他对越来越多的中国藏区僧尼以自焚的方式反抗中国对西藏的统治感到非常担忧。

达赖喇嘛对BBC表示，他不鼓励喇嘛自焚的举动。

达赖喇嘛说，毫无疑问，这些喇嘛自焚是需要勇气的，但他对这种自焚方式的效果提出了质疑。

自今年初以来，中国四川阿坝甘孜藏区已有11位藏人自焚。

据BBC获得的据悉是一位尼姑自焚的录像片段显示，这位尼姑自焚的那一刻，周围的群众因震惊而尖叫了起来。不久，自焚现场被中国保安部队封锁。

令人震惊的这段录像片段后来被人悄悄带至印度，并展示给了BBC记者。

BBC记者安德鲁·诺斯说，藏族僧尼正用自焚这种新的方式来反抗中国对西藏的60年统治。

不过，对于西藏流亡精神领袖达赖喇嘛来说，僧尼自焚却是一个敏感的话题。
“有什么样的效果？”

达赖喇嘛在接受BBC记者采访时表示，他不鼓励支持者采取中国当局所称的“牺牲自己”的方式表达诉求。

达赖喇嘛说，问题在于，自焚能达到什么样的效果？

他说：“问题在这里。自焚需要勇气，非常大的勇气。但是，那样做有什么效果呢？”

达赖喇嘛指出，只有勇气是不够的，还得运用智慧。

当记者问及达赖喇嘛是否担心自焚的行动会令藏人的境况更遭时，达赖喇嘛说：“很多藏人牺牲了自己的生命。”

达赖喇嘛说，“没有人知道究竟有多少藏人被杀害，或在受酷刑后死亡。没有人知道。”

他说，“确实有很多人受苦。可自焚有什么用呢？汉人只会以更严厉的方式回应。”

中国当局指责海外的西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛“煽动自焚事件”，“分裂祖国”，并说煽动自焚是不人道的行为，而且绝不会成功。

BBC记者诺斯说，越来越多的僧尼自焚显示了藏人的绝望情绪。

他说，藏人知道西方国家支持推翻独裁政权的“阿拉伯之春”运动，但在对待中国的问题上，西方国家显然低调很多。这使藏人的抗争方式选择有限。

他补充说，据来自藏区的迹象显示，有越来越多的僧尼准备为抗争而作出牺牲。

Dalai Lama questions wisdom of self-immolations

The Dalai Lama speaks exclusively to the BBC about his worries for Tibetan monks and nuns

The Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, says he is very worried about the growing number of monks and nuns setting themselves on fire to protest against Chinese rule in Tibet.

He told the BBC he was not encouraging such actions - saying there was no doubt they required courage, but questioning how effective they were.

There have been 11 cases of self-immolation so far this year.

Most have resulted in death - the latest a 35-year-old nun two weeks ago.

The BBC has obtained graphic footage of the moment she set herself alight, prompting horrified cries from onlookers. Later, Chinese security forces flooded the area.

The shocking video footage was smuggled across the border to India and shown to the BBC.

Tibetan monks and nuns are using self-immolation as the latest tactic in their struggle against 60 years of Chinese rule, says the BBC's Andrew North.

But it is a sensitive issue for the man they are dying for - the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader.
'How much effect?'

In an interview with our correspondent, he said he was not encouraging his followers to sacrifice themselves - as alleged by China.

"The question is how much effect" the self-immolations have, the Dalai Lama said.

"That's the question. There is courage - very strong courage. But how much effect?

"Courage alone is no substitute. You must utilise your wisdom."

Asked whether he feared the actions could make life worse for people in Tibet, he said: "Many Tibetans sacrifice their lives.

"Nobody knows how many people killed and tortured - I mean death through torture. Nobody knows.

"But a lot of people suffer. But how much effect? The Chinese respond harder."

China has condemned the self-immolation campaign as immoral and inhuman, saying it will never succeed.

The growing number of monks and nuns prepared to set themselves on fire is a sign of increasing desperation in Tibet, our correspondent says.

They know while the West has backed the Arab Spring, with China it talks with a much quieter voice, he says.

That leaves Tibetans with few options to shine a light on their struggle.

From inside Tibet, the word is that more monks are preparing to make the ultimate sacrifice, our correspondent adds.