中国和加拿大交易些什么？

加拿大是世界第三大出口国，拥有巨大贸易顺差。2011年，主导加拿大国际贸易的自然资源贸易总额达3255亿美元，能源(1053亿美元)、林产品(267亿美元)和金属及矿产(834亿美元) 出口占出口总额47.6%。加拿大出口产品规模依序是原油、木材、木浆、黄金、镍、铝、钢铁和铜。

中国是加拿大第五大自然资源商品进口供应国，2011年进口额达39亿美元，占加拿大自然资源商品出口总额的3.5%。其中，金属和矿物商品占此类商品从中国进口的四分之三强(30亿美元)，林产品占另外的 23%(8.921 亿美元)。

中国是加拿大林产品第二大进口国、金属和矿物商品第三大进口国，主要是钢铁及其相关产品、铝、镁、纤维板和其他木制品。

在林产品领域，如木材和木浆，加拿大是快速增长的中国市场的最大供应国。由于中国正大力倡导使用低碳节能材料的抗震建筑，这为加拿大获得认可的高附加值木制品带来了新机遇。加拿大热切期望用木质结构建筑系统为中国建造安全、节能的建筑。

加拿大林产品也能满足中国对非传统创新产品和新型副产品的需求。加拿大增长的溶解浆产量能替代棉花应用于中国迅速扩大的纺织和服装行业。加拿大也进口中国生产的竹、藤及相关产品。

据中国纸业网提供的信息，中国纸浆进口国排名是加拿大、巴西、美国、印度尼西亚、智利、俄罗斯和芬兰，几乎囊括所有造纸强国。

仅2014年上半年，中国累计进口纸浆879.86万吨，进口金额60.44亿美元，同比增长9.68%。其中从加拿大累计进口纸浆金额达13亿美元，占 21.51%，巴西、美国、印度尼西亚、智利等国家紧随其后，其中从巴西进口纸浆累计金额为10.34亿美元，同比增长19.93，从美国进口纸浆累计金 额7.56亿美元，同比下降2.97%，从印度尼西亚进口纸浆累计金额6.09亿美元，同比增长3.16%，从智利进口纸浆累计金额5.12亿美元，同比 增长0.88%，从俄罗斯进口纸浆累计金额4.02亿美元，同比增长33.81%，从芬兰进口纸浆累计金额3.96亿美元，同比增长19.89%。

加拿大拥有世界10%的森林，是软木木材、新闻纸和纸浆出口大国。加拿大开发出全球认可的森林认证体系，拥有世界42%的认证林区。
    
每年2月在蒙特利尔举办的Paper Week Canada 是加拿大制浆造纸和林业行业最大规模的年度会议和展览会，开始于 1913 年，已超过了百年。

共产党执政以来，加拿大最早向中国出口的是粮食：小麦玉米等。到21世纪，粮食作物还是加拿大向中国出口的重要商品，2014年出口额达8亿3千2百万加元，不过就早已超出小麦，大豆，玉米等传统产品，包括了樱桃、龙虾等甲壳类水产品、牛肉、猪肉等。

中国的水果逐年上升，2014年比前一年增长23%，达330万吨，主要是从越南、菲律宾、泰国、厄瓜多尔、智利和美国进口，加拿大对华出口的水果主要是樱桃，意大利是猕猴桃、比利时是梨、印尼热带水果、西班牙和以色列的柑橘。


补充：

2018年11月公布的两项图表显示加拿大与中国贸易的详细清单，

2018年1至6月加拿大对华出口

植物产品20.1%
纤维素浆、纸张18.4%
矿产品10.1%
运输设备9%
化工产品7.5%
活动物、动物产品7.2%
木及制品6.2%
机电产品4.7%
贱金属及制品4.5%
动植物油脂4.2%
食品、饮料、烟草2.6%
光学、钟表、医疗设备1.9%
塑料、橡胶1.8%
皮革制品、箱包1.2%
家具、玩具、杂项制品0.3%
其他0.4%

2018年1至6月加拿大自华进口

机电产品44.3%
家具、玩具、杂项制品11%
贱金属及制品9.2%
纺织品及原料7.9%
塑料、橡胶5.5%
运输设备4.9%
化工产品2.9%
鞋靴、伞等轻工产品2.8%
光学、钟表、医疗设备2.5%
陶瓷、玻璃2.1%
皮革制品、箱包1.6%
纤维素浆、纸张1.2%
木及制品1.1%
食品、饮料、烟草0.8%
植物产品0.7%
其他1.5%

https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/exports/china

2020年加拿大对华出口

Ores slag and ash $3.06B

Pulp of wood, fibrous cellulosic material, waste $2.22B

Oil seed, oleagic fruits, grain, seed, fruits $1.41B

Meat and edible meat offal $1.30B

Cereals $1.15B

Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products $870.60M

Animal, vegetable fats and oils, cleavage products $835.68M

Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatics invertebrates $769.12M

Vehicles other than railway, tramway $728.88M

Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers $717.20M

Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal $710.18M

Residues, wastes of food industry, animal fodder $596.99M

Fertilizers $510.08M

Optical, photo, technical, medical apparatus $434.48M

Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers $415.81M

Organic chemicals $411.76M

Plastics $351.43M

Aircraft, spacecraft $293.46M

Electrical, electronic equipment $289.88M

Nickel $216.11M

Pharmaceutical products $207.97M

Paper and paperboard, articles of pulp, paper and board $176.34M

Copper $118.83M

Iron and steel $98.27M

Miscellaneous chemical products $72.93M

Aluminum $70.32M

Rubbers $69.54M

Base metals not specified elsewhere, cermets. $63.87M

Raw hides and skins (other than furskins) and leather $63.13M

Articles of apparel, not knit or crocheted $61.45M

Inorganic chemicals, precious metal compound, isotope $53.99M

Commodities not specified according to kind $51.70M

Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics, toileteries $47.75M

Articles of iron or steel $44.02M

Miscellaneous edible preparations $34.88M

Vegetable, fruit, nut food preparations $34.38M

Edible fruits, nuts, peel of citrus fruit, melons $33.80M

Toys, games, sports requisites $20.77M

Products of animal origin $16.72M

Soaps, lubricants, waxes, candles, modelling pastes $16.39M

Salt, sulphur, earth, stone, plaster, lime and cement $13.75M

Albuminoids, modified starches, glues, enzymes $13.00M

Beverages, spirits and vinegar $11.57M

Miscellanneous manufactured articles $10.34M

Tools, implements, cutlery of base metal $10.27M

Impregnated, coated or laminated textile fabric $8.89M

Miscellaneous articles of base metal $8.31M

Furniture, lighting signs, prefabricated buildings $7.27M

Tanning, dyeing extracts, tannins, derivatives, pigments $6.56M

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, mica or similar materials $6.36M

Zinc $5.71M

Other made textile articles, sets, worn clothing $5.59M

Meat, fish and seafood preparations $5.46M

Cereal, flour, starch, milk preparations and products $5.26M

Dairy products, eggs, honey, edible products $5.18M

Articles of apparel, knit or crocheted $4.36M

Furskins and artificial fur, manufactures $4.35M

Sugars and sugar confectionery $3.23M

Manmade filaments $2.92M

Lac, gums, resins $2.81M

Milling products, malt, starches, inlin, wheat gluten $2.51M

Glass and glassware $2.43M

Pearls, precious stones, metals, coins $2.37M

Manmade staple fibers $2.16M

Works of art, collectors' pieces and antiques $2.15M

Live animals $2.12M

Footwear, gaiters and the like, $2.08M

Cocoa and cocoa preparations $1.90M

Lead $1.79M

Musical instruments, parts and accessories $1.74M

Ships, boats, and other floating structures $1.60M

Coffee, tea, mate and spices $1.53M

Articles of leather, animal gut, harness, travel good $1.50M

Headgear and $1.26M

Printed books, newspapers, pictures $1.07M

Special woven or tufted fabric, lace, tapestry $987.25K

Vegetable textile fibers not specified elsewhere, paper yarn, woven fabric $784.84K

Wadding, felt, nonwovens, yarns, twine, cordage $754.18K

Railway, tramway locomotives, rolling stock, equipment $713.05K

Ceramic products $518.54K

Clocks and watches $440.20K

Knitted or crocheted fabric $421.60K

Cotton $111.71K

Explosives, pyrotechnics, matches, pyrophorics $99.26K

Tobacco and manufactures tobacco substitutes $77.04K

Arms and ammunition, parts and accessories $73.94K

Photographic or cinematographic goods $51.42K

Tin $46.68K

Vegetable plaiting materials, vegetable products $45.94K

Bird skin, feathers, artificial flowers, human hair $38.04K

Silk $31.89K

Wool, animal hair, horsehair yarn and fabric $26.50K

Carpets and other textile floor coverings $14.50K

Umbrellas, walking-sticks, seat-sticks, whips $2.44K

Live trees, plants, bulbs, roots, cut flowers $2.18K

Cork and articles of cork $1.12K

Manufacturers of plaiting material, basketwork $21.53K 2018